商務(wù)英語翻譯概論解析ppt課件
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,商務(wù)英語翻譯概論,,,商務(wù)英語翻譯概論,1,contents,I、商務(wù)英語簡述,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,IV、商務(wù)英語翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),,,contentsI、商務(wù)英語簡述,2,,商務(wù)英語(Business English)的定義及內(nèi)涵,定義:,在,商務(wù)活動(dòng),中所使用的英語統(tǒng)稱為商務(wù)英語。英文全稱為English for Business and Economics(EBE),一般簡稱為Business English。,商務(wù)活動(dòng):,范圍很廣,包括技術(shù)引進(jìn)、對(duì)外貿(mào)易、招商引資、對(duì)外勞務(wù)承包與合同、國際金融、涉外保險(xiǎn)、國際旅游、海外投資、國際運(yùn)輸?shù)?課本P1),,定位:,商務(wù)英語是,專門用途英語(English for Specific Purposes,ESP),的一個(gè)分支,,特點(diǎn):,專業(yè)化、針對(duì)性、實(shí)用性,I、商務(wù)英語簡述,,,商務(wù)英語(Business English)的定義及內(nèi)涵I,3,,2. 商務(wù)英語(Business English)的組成要素,,英國商務(wù)英語專家Nick Brieger(1997)提出了“商務(wù)英語范疇”理論,他認(rèn)為商務(wù)英語應(yīng)包括:,語言知識(shí)(Language Knowledge),交際能力(Communication Skills),專業(yè)知識(shí)(Professional Content),管理技能(Management Skills),文化背景(Cultural Awareness),,I、商務(wù)英語簡述,,,2. 商務(wù)英語(Business English)的組成要,4,,3. 商務(wù)英語(Business English)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,,商務(wù)英語考試名目繁多:,全國外銷員考試(商務(wù)部),全國商務(wù)師資格證書考試(人事部+商務(wù)部),劍橋商務(wù)英語證書考試(教育部+英國劍橋大學(xué)),,I、商務(wù)英語簡述,,,3. 商務(wù)英語(Business English)的發(fā)展現(xiàn),5,,詞匯——用詞正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確,基本要求:大量使用書面語,正式性詞語。一般用詞義相對(duì)單一的詞來替代詞義靈活豐富的詞。,切忌:謹(jǐn)慎使用夸張、比喻等手法,盡量避免使用模棱兩可的詞(除廣告語體外)。,,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,詞匯——用詞正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),6,,1. To,acquaint,you with the Light Industrial Goods we handle, we are sending you,,by separate airmail,,,a,commodity list and several sample books for your reference.,acquaint: make sb. familiar with sth. 詞義單一穩(wěn)定,商務(wù)英語正式用語, 相當(dāng)于普通英語中的familiar,Light/Heavy Industry 輕/重工業(yè),sample books 樣本簿/冊(cè),for your reference,供您參考;,僅供參考,譯文:,為使,貴方,熟悉我方經(jīng)營的輕工產(chǎn)品,另航寄上商品目錄和一些樣品簿,僅供參考。,注解:1) 在英譯漢時(shí),冠詞a/an/the經(jīng)常省略不譯,2) 注意商務(wù)英語中敬語的使用,,,,1. To acquaint you with the L,7,,2. The,full report,isn’t ready yet, but you can see the,interim report,.,the full report 完整/正式報(bào)告,interim adj. 臨時(shí)的,暫時(shí)的,interim report/government/order 臨時(shí)報(bào)告/政府/命令,譯文:,正式報(bào)告,尚未寫好,但您可以先看看這份,臨時(shí)報(bào)告,。,,,2. The full report isn’t read,8,,3. Will you,partake of,our,simple meal,?,partake of 1) 吃,喝,2) 有點(diǎn),帶有幾分,a manner that partakes of arrogance 帶有幾分傲慢的態(tài)度,partake in 參與,參加,partake in the performance 參加演出,simple meal 便飯(=potluck [u]n.),take potluck,譯文:您和我們一起吃點(diǎn)便飯好嗎?,,,,,,3. Will you partake of our si,9,,4. The mew manager,effected,several changes in the company.,effect vt.[正式] 實(shí)現(xiàn),促成,譯文:新來的經(jīng)理在公司里促成了好幾次改革。,,5. Negotiations,terminated,yesterday.,terminate vt. & vi.[正式] 結(jié)束,終止,譯文:談判于昨天結(jié)束了。,,,,,4. The mew manager effected s,10,,商務(wù)英語中常用的正式用語還有:,assign,v. 把(要求/權(quán)利/財(cái)產(chǎn)/頭銜等)讓與,轉(zhuǎn)讓給,to assign a contract 轉(zhuǎn)讓契約,construe,v. 解釋,說明,Different lawyers may construe the same law differently.,對(duì)同一法律,不同的律師可以做出不同的解釋。,convene,v. 集合,開會(huì),to convene a meeting 召開會(huì)議,execute,vt. 1) 履行,執(zhí)行,貫徹,實(shí)行,to execute a plan/purpose 實(shí)行計(jì)劃/貫徹意圖,2) (簽名)使(法律/法令/判決/遺囑等)生效,to execute a(n) Will/Agreement,,,商務(wù)英語中常用的正式用語還有:,11,,repatriate,v. 遣返回國,to repatriate sb. to the homeland,levy,v. 1) 征收(稅金、罰款等),to levy taxes, to levy a fine on someone,2)征(兵),征募,,,to levy troops 征集軍隊(duì),grant,vt. 讓渡,轉(zhuǎn)讓(財(cái)產(chǎn)),賜予,to grant license 轉(zhuǎn)讓執(zhí)照,,initiate,v. 創(chuàng)始,發(fā)起,utilize,vt. 利用,,to utilize all available resources 利用一切資源,,,repatriate v. 遣返回國,12,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞,1),縮略詞的使用(詳見第三章),商務(wù)交往要求省時(shí)省力,國際商務(wù)合同、協(xié)議、函電及單證中較常用,,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞II、商務(wù)英語的語,13,,VC,(Venture Capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資/資本),reps,(representatives 代表),sales reps 銷售代表,Ads,(advertisements 廣告),NYSE,(New York Security Exchange 紐約證劵交易所),POD,(Port of Destination 目的港),BR,(bank rate 銀行利率),,利率:,利息與本錢的比值叫做利率,wt,(weight 重量),B/L,(bill of lading 提貨單,簡稱“提單”),,提貨單:,特指海上貨物運(yùn)輸中,承運(yùn)人收到承運(yùn)的貨物后,簽發(fā)給托運(yùn)人的書面單證。收貨人憑提單向貨運(yùn)目的地的運(yùn)輸部門提貨。,,,,VC (Venture Capital 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資/資本),14,,L/C,(Letter of Credit 信用證),D/P,(Documents Against Payment 付款交單),D/A,(Documents Against Acceptance 承兌交單),accept & acceptance [商] 承兌,兌現(xiàn),COD,(cash on delivery 貨到付款),delivery n. [商] 交割,交貨;[法] 交付,讓渡,CIF,(Cost, Insurance and Freight 到岸價(jià)),CFR,(Cost and Freight) 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi) = CIF - Insurance,FOB,(Free on Board 離岸價(jià)),COD,(Cash on Delivery 貨到付現(xiàn)),,,,L/C (Letter of Credit 信用證),15,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞,2),外來詞的使用,商務(wù)英語中所使用的(半)專業(yè)詞匯,很多來自于拉丁語、法語和希臘語等的書面詞,,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞II、商務(wù)英語的語,16,,1. Should either of the parties to the contract be prevented from executing the contract by,force majeure,, such as earthquake, fire, war and other unforeseen events, the prevented shall notify the other party by cable without any delay.,by cable 發(fā)電報(bào),譯文:若合同一方受到地震、火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭及其他不可預(yù)見事件等不可抗力因素的影響,難以履行合同時(shí),應(yīng)立即電報(bào)通知對(duì)方。,,注解:,force majeure(不可抗力),法語外來詞,,,,,1. Should either of the parti,17,,2. In that country, an,ad valorem duty,of five percent was imposed on all goods on importation.,goods on importation = imported goods,進(jìn)口貨,譯文:在那個(gè)國家,所有進(jìn)口貨物曾課以5%的從價(jià)稅。,注解:,ad valorem duty(從價(jià)稅),拉丁語外來詞,從價(jià)稅:,按照進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)征的關(guān)稅。,計(jì)算公式是: 稅額=商品總值×從價(jià)稅率。,,,,,2. In that country, an ad val,18,,3. Their attitudes to China‘s Communist Party vary widely , from enthusiastic support to overt(明顯的) opposition , with the majority accepting the,status quo,.,譯文:他們對(duì)中國共產(chǎn)黨的看法千差萬別,有的衷心擁護(hù),有的公開反對(duì),大多數(shù)人則接受現(xiàn)狀。,注解:,status quo(現(xiàn)狀),拉丁語外來詞,,4. He has already indicated that he believes the ceremony to be,null and void,.,譯文:他早已發(fā)表看法:這場典禮是無效的。,注解:,null and void(無效的),拉丁語外來詞,,,,3. Their attitudes to China‘s,19,,5.,As per,the Agreement, Sinotrans was responsible for delivering the packages in China .,Sinotrans 中外運(yùn)集團(tuán),譯文:按照協(xié)議,中外運(yùn)負(fù)責(zé)在中國境內(nèi)的包裹遞送。,注解:,as per(按照,依據(jù)),拉丁語外來詞,,6.,De facto,segregation is still existing even in the "new" african nations.,譯文:事實(shí)上的種族隔離仍舊存在于那些“新”的非洲國家中。,注解:,de facto(事實(shí)上的),法語外來詞,,,,,,5. As per the Agreement, Sino,20,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞,3),古體詞的使用,在法律文件中,為了體現(xiàn)法律公文的規(guī)范性和約束力,常以here, there, where為詞根,加上一個(gè)或幾個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成的合成副詞。,例如:herewith, hereunder, herein等,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,2. 詞匯——常用縮略詞、外來詞、古體詞II、商務(wù)英語的語,21,,1.,Hereafter,she is only my sister in name.,hereafter adv. 此后,今后,譯文:今后,她只在名份上是我的妹妹。,,2. The salary was eight dollars the 1st week and ten dollars,thereafter,.,thereafter adv.,其后,從那以后,譯文:第一周的薪水是八美元,此后每周十美元。,,,1. Hereafter she is only my s,22,,3. I shall discuss the question,herein,.,herein adv. 由此處,在此處,譯文:在這里,我將要討論這個(gè)問題。,,4. the house and all the possessions,therein,therein adv.,在那里,在其中,譯文:那所房子及其中一切財(cái)產(chǎn),,,,3. I shall discuss the questi,23,,5. I,hereby,declare you man and wife.,hereby adv. 據(jù)此,特此,譯文:我在此宣布你們結(jié)為夫婦。,,6. He knocked over the red wine,,thereby,ruining the table cloth.,thereby adv.,從而,因此,譯文:他打翻了紅酒瓶子,(從而)弄臟了桌布。,,,,5. I hereby declare you man a,24,,7. We enclose,herewith,an inquiry sheet.,herewith adv. (尤用于商業(yè)函件) 同此(函等),inquiry sheet 詢價(jià)單,譯文:茲隨函附上詢價(jià)單一份。,,,8. The network also becomes a kind of industry,therewith,.,therewith adv. 隨其,于是,與此,譯文:網(wǎng)絡(luò)也隨其成為一種產(chǎn)業(yè)。,,,,7. We enclose herewith an inq,25,,9. The terms were specified,hereunder,.,hereunder adv. 在此之下,在下面,譯文:下面是具體條款。,,,10. This Agreement terminates all prior agreements on the subject matter,hereof,.,hereof adv. 關(guān)于此點(diǎn),譯文:此協(xié)議終止所有先前關(guān)于此主題的協(xié)議,。,,,,,9. The terms were specified h,26,,3. 句法特點(diǎn),1),多用介詞或介詞短語,為體現(xiàn)商務(wù)文體正規(guī)嚴(yán)肅的特點(diǎn),常用in terms of, in regard to, in accordance with 等成語介詞,而非against, concerning等普通介詞,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,3. 句法特點(diǎn)II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),27,,1. The cost was calculated,in terms of,the current price.,in terms of 依據(jù),按照,譯文:成本是以現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格計(jì)算的。,,2. Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts,in terms of,quality, technology and service.,in terms of 在…方面,就…來說,譯文:在質(zhì)量、技術(shù)和服務(wù)方面,大多數(shù)中國汽車制造商仍落后西方同行多年。,,,1. The cost was calculated in,28,,3. Formerly, when any countries were on the,gold standard,and permitted the free flow of gold out of the country, the value of their,currencies,,in terms of,other,currencies,could,fluctuate,within only a very narrow range. (課本P7 例11),gold standard 金本位,currency n. 貨幣,fluctuate v. 波動(dòng),搖動(dòng),in terms of,換算,兌換,譯文:原先,許多國家采用金本位制,允許黃金自由流出本國時(shí),其貨幣與別國貨幣,兌換,的價(jià)值浮動(dòng)的幅度很小。,,,3. Formerly, when any countri,29,,4. I will speak to the mayor,in regard to,city planning.,in regard to 關(guān)于,對(duì)于,至于,譯文:我要向市長就城市規(guī)劃問題進(jìn)言。,,5. The Colleges are responsible for selecting students,in accordance with,University regulations.,in accordance with 依照,與…一致,譯文:院系可以根據(jù)大學(xué)的相關(guān)規(guī)定,自主招生工作。,,,4. I will speak to the mayor,30,,3. 句法特點(diǎn),2),多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、祈使句,,1. These distinctions between the functions of members in general meeting, board of directors and managing directors,must not be exaggerated,.,general meeting 股東大會(huì),board of directors 董事會(huì),managing director 常務(wù)董事;總經(jīng)理,譯文:股東大會(huì)成員、董事會(huì)和常務(wù)董事之間的作用區(qū)別,不能夸大,。,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,3. 句法特點(diǎn)II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),31,,2. Party A,shall,,be unauthorized,to accept any orders or to collect any accounts on and after May 28.,unauthorize v. 未被授權(quán),未經(jīng)認(rèn)可,collect v. [商] 托收:是出口人在貨物裝運(yùn)后,開具以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票,委托出口地銀行通過它在進(jìn)口地的分行或代理行代出口人收取貨款一種結(jié)算方式。,on and after 自… 起,自…以后,譯文:自5月28日起,甲方,無權(quán),承兌訂單或托收賬單。,,,2. Party A shall be unauthori,32,,3. The date of the receipt issued by transportation department,concerned,,shall be regarded as,the date of delivery of the goods.,receipt [c]n. 收據(jù), 收條 & [u]n. 收到,delivery n. [商] 交割,交貨;[法] 交付,讓渡,譯文:由,承運(yùn),的運(yùn)輸機(jī)構(gòu)所開具的收據(jù)日期即,被視為,交貨日期。,,,3. The date of the receipt is,33,,3. 句法特點(diǎn),3)句式結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,句中常常用插入短語、從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞等限定、說明成分,往往一個(gè)句子就是一個(gè)段落,,II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,3. 句法特點(diǎn)II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),34,,1.,The prices stated are based on current freight rates[主],, any increase or decrease in freight rates at the time of shipment to be the benefit of the buyer,,with the seller assuring the payment of all transportation charges to the point or place of delivery[狀從],.,freight rates,運(yùn)價(jià);運(yùn)費(fèi)率,at the time of shipment 裝運(yùn)時(shí),transportation charges 運(yùn)費(fèi),譯文:所述價(jià)格是以時(shí)下運(yùn)價(jià)計(jì)算,裝運(yùn)時(shí)運(yùn)價(jià)的增減均屬買方,賣方則承擔(dān)至交貨的全部運(yùn)費(fèi)。,注解:with 表示伴隨狀況,引導(dǎo)狀語從句,其中assuring 是非謂語動(dòng)詞,,,1. The prices stated are base,35,2. Inspection: It is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality, quantity or weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the documents for payment under revelent L/C.,L/C (Letter of Credit) 信用證,譯文:商品檢驗(yàn):雙方同意以制造廠出具的品質(zhì)及數(shù)量或重量證明書作為有關(guān)信用證項(xiàng)目下付款的單據(jù)之一。,注解:It 是形式主語,引導(dǎo)主語從句。同時(shí) It is mutually agreed 使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,,,2. Inspection: It is mutually,36,,4. 文體多樣性,商務(wù)文體:,指在商務(wù)和貿(mào)易活動(dòng)中使用的文體。不能過于口語化,較正式。,領(lǐng)域眾多:,商務(wù)信函(Business Correspondence),會(huì)議紀(jì)要[Synopsis(概要) of Minutes(會(huì)議記錄)],法律文書(Legal Documents),備忘錄[Memo(Memorandum)]、說明書(Specification),商業(yè)廣告(Commercials),通知(Notice)、報(bào)告(report)、演講(Speech),協(xié)議(Agreement)、合同(Contract),單據(jù)與表格(Bills and Forms),II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,4. 文體多樣性II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),37,,4. 文體多樣性,商務(wù)信函、合同、法律文書、通知等主要是公文體形式。,詞匯:,以書面詞為主,正式嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。,句式:,多使用長句、復(fù)合句,以及插入語、同位語、倒裝句、被動(dòng)語態(tài)等特殊句型,廣告文體集經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、宣傳、美學(xué)為一體,靈活多樣,,詞匯:,大量使用形容詞及其比較級(jí)、最高級(jí),大膽借用杜撰詞語,句式:,多用簡單句和現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),,,4. 文體多樣性II、商務(wù)英語的語言特點(diǎn),38,,1. [法] If the seller determines the performance,has not been completed,satisfactorily and,in conformance with,this Contract, the performance bond may be,retained,by the Seller until the Seller can determine damages caused by the lack of performance.,in conformance with 與…一致,performance bond 履約保證金,譯文:賣方如果確定履行情況不盡如人意或與合同不符,可以扣留履約保證金,直到其能夠確定因履行不善所造成的損失費(fèi)用。,,,,1. [法] If the seller determin,39,2. [廣告],Like,a good Neighbor, State Farm is there. (State Farm保險(xiǎn)公司),注解:明喻(simile)手法,,3. [廣告] Why your skin,drinks,it down so quickly? (玉蘭油),注解:擬人(personification)手法,,4. [廣告] Dunhill—International acknowledged to be the,finest,cigarette in the world. (登喜路牌香煙),注解:夸張(exaggeration)手法,,,2. [廣告] Like a good Neighbor,,40,,1. 翻譯的定義,方夢(mèng)之主編的《譯學(xué)詞典》:“翻譯”一詞有五個(gè)義項(xiàng):(1)翻譯過程;(2)翻譯行為;(3)翻譯者;(4)譯文或譯語;(5)翻譯工作(專業(yè))。,,曹明倫:翻譯是把一種語言符號(hào)或信息編碼表達(dá)的意義用另一種語言符號(hào)或信息編碼表達(dá)出來的富有創(chuàng)造性的文化活動(dòng),它包括,語內(nèi)翻譯、語際翻譯,和,符際翻譯,。,注解:,英美文學(xué)翻譯家,翻譯理論研究專家,川大教授、博士生導(dǎo)師,III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,,,1. 翻譯的定義III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,41,,Eugene A. Nida: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor-language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.,尤金·奈達(dá):翻譯是指從語義到文體(風(fēng)格)在譯語中用最貼切而又最自然的對(duì)等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息。,注解:Eugene A. Nida,美國當(dāng)代,語言學(xué)家、翻譯家、翻譯理論家,,,,,Eugene A. Nida: Translating c,42,,2. 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),嚴(yán)復(fù)之“信、達(dá)、雅”,He put forward the “Three-charater Guide” in his preface to the translation of T. H. Huxley’s book,Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays,.,清朝時(shí),嚴(yán)復(fù)(1854-1921)在翻譯赫胥黎的《天演論》(1898)首卷《譯例言》中提出了著名的“信達(dá)雅”三字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,,III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,,,2. 翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,43,忠實(shí)于原著,使譯文能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原著的精神,,信 faithfulness,譯筆流暢明白、通達(dá)曉暢,,,達(dá) expressiveness,“實(shí)則精理微言,用漢以前字法句法,則為達(dá)易;用近世利俗文字,則求達(dá)難?!?,雅 elegance,譯事三難:信、達(dá)、雅。,,,,忠實(shí)于原著,使譯文能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原著的精神 信 faithf,44,國內(nèi)其他學(xué)者的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,,,,信順說:信(faithfulness),順(smoothness),,神似說(resemblance in spirit):重神似不重形似;譯文必須為純粹之中文,,化境說 (reaching the acme of perfection):文學(xué)翻譯的最高理想是“化”,,魯迅,錢鐘書,傅雷,,,國內(nèi)其他學(xué)者的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信順說:信(faithfulness),45,,3. 商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),中國商務(wù)英語研究會(huì)常務(wù)理事,劉法公教授提出的,商務(wù)英語翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn),被認(rèn)為是切實(shí)可行的,1) 忠實(shí)(faithfulness),2) 準(zhǔn)確(exactness),3) 統(tǒng)一(consistency),4) 通順(smoothness),III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,,,3. 商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,46,,1)忠實(shí)(faithfulness),“忠實(shí)”包括兩方面:既忠實(shí)于原文的內(nèi)容意指,又忠實(shí)于原文的風(fēng)格效果,,1. A,particular average,loss under 3% of the insured amount will not be recoverable, but one amounting to or exceeding 3% will be paid.,particular 是貨運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)條款中的術(shù)語,分為:,1) particular average(單獨(dú)海損),貨物損失只涉及各貨方和船方中的某特定的利益方,2) general average(共同海損),損失由該保險(xiǎn)涉及的各貨方和船方分?jǐn)偂?商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,,1)忠實(shí)(faithfulness)商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),47,,1. A,particular average,loss under 3% of the insured amount will not be recoverable, but one amounting to or exceeding 3% will be paid.,誤譯:單獨(dú)的平均損失低于所保金額的3%時(shí)不賠,但損失達(dá)到或超過3%時(shí)則賠償。,正譯:單獨(dú)海損的損失低于所保金額的3%時(shí)不賠,但損失達(dá)到或超過3%時(shí)則賠償。,,2. The shell burst into a million new,copies,.,誤譯:炮彈一爆炸,變成了幾百萬份的新拷貝。,正譯:炮彈炸成了無數(shù)碎片。,,,,1. A particular average loss,48,,2)準(zhǔn)確(exactness),1. Party A shall have a right of,first refusal,whenever Party B wishes to sell any of its shares in the Group.,the right of first refusal 優(yōu)先取舍權(quán),優(yōu)先購買權(quán),誤譯:乙方任何時(shí)候有意出售其持有之任何集團(tuán)股份,甲方一律擁有優(yōu)先拒絕權(quán)。,正譯:乙方任何時(shí)候有意出售其持有之本集團(tuán)股份,甲方一律擁有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。,商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,,2)準(zhǔn)確(exactness)商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),49,,3)統(tǒng)一(consistency),翻譯過程中所采用的譯名、概念、術(shù)語等在任何時(shí)候都應(yīng)保持統(tǒng)一,尤其是長篇合同中的專業(yè)術(shù)語和關(guān)鍵詞語一定要前后保持統(tǒng)一,,例:exclusive territory 獨(dú)占區(qū)域,exclusive contract 專銷合同,商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,,3)統(tǒng)一(consistency) 商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),50,,4) 通順(smoothness),,1. Many of these fine products are in stock ready for your order.,[譯文1] 上述多種優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,備有現(xiàn)貨,準(zhǔn)備好你來訂購。,[譯文2]上述多種優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品,備有現(xiàn)貨,歡迎訂購。,,2. This novel was the beginning of his name.,[譯文1] 這部小說是他的名聲的開始。,[譯文2] 這部小說是他的成名之作。,商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,,4) 通順(smoothness)商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),51,,4. 翻譯的基本方法,,音譯 Transliteration,直譯 Literal Translation (word-for-word translation),意譯 Free Translation (sense-for-sense translation),藝術(shù)加工,,III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,,,4. 翻譯的基本方法III、商務(wù)英語翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與方法,52,,音譯 Transliteration,人名、地名多用音譯,翻譯的基本方法,Jurassic Park,《侏羅紀(jì)公園》,Titanic,《泰坦尼克號(hào)》,Romeo and Juliet,《羅密歐與朱麗葉》,Jane Eyre,《簡愛》,Gandhi,《甘地》,Pearl Harbor,《珍珠港》,,,音譯 Transliteration翻譯的基本方法Jura,53,,2) 直譯 Literal Translation,(word-for-word translation),專有名詞、專業(yè)術(shù)語多用直譯,例:,OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ),石油輸出國組織,APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation),亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(亞太經(jīng)合組織),gentleman’s agreement,君子協(xié)定,chain reaction,連鎖反應(yīng),翻譯的基本方法,,,2) 直譯 Literal Translation (wo,54,,3) 意譯 Free Translation (sense-for-sense translation),1. The high rate of economic growth consistently achieved over decades by the Asian tigers has almost no equal anywhere at any time.,譯文:亞洲四小龍的經(jīng)濟(jì)幾十年來持續(xù)高速發(fā)展,幾乎在全世界堪稱空前絕后。,注解:漢語習(xí)慣稱亞洲“四小龍”,但英語卻稱作 the Asian “Four Tigers” 或 “Four Tigers” in Asia,,翻譯的基本方法,,,3) 意譯 Free Translation (sense,55,English film title,Literal translation,Free translation,His Girl Friday,女友禮拜五,星期五女郎,A Room With a View,看得見風(fēng)景的房間,窗外有藍(lán)天,Pretty Woman,漂亮女人,風(fēng)月俏佳人,Shakespeare in Love,戀愛中的莎士比亞,莎翁情史,Driving Miss Daisy,為戴茜小姐開車,溫馨接送情,The Sound of the Music,音樂之聲,仙樂飄飄處處聞,直譯 vs 意譯,,,English film titleLiteral tran,56,,4) 藝術(shù)加工,指采用一些翻譯技巧,如:合并、拆散、引申、增加、減少、補(bǔ)充說明等,,1. A document containing the terms of an enforceable obligation between the parties is called a “contract”.,the terms of an enforceable obligation,可執(zhí)行義務(wù)的條款,譯文:所謂合同,是指當(dāng)事人訂立的包含可執(zhí)行義務(wù)條款的文書。,注解:逆序譯法,翻譯的基本方法,,,4) 藝術(shù)加工翻譯的基本方法,57,,2. My work, my family and my friends were more than enough to fill my time.,譯文:我,干,工作、,做,家務(wù)、,和,朋友,往來,,這些占用了我的全部時(shí)間。,注解:增譯法,,3.,I,,have received,your,,letter and read,it,,with delight.,譯文:,來信收悉,并愉快地拜讀了。,注解:減譯法,,,2. My work, my family and my,58,,1. 翻譯過程,,1)理解(comprehension),2)重構(gòu)(reconstruction),3)表達(dá)(representation),4)校對(duì)(checking),,IV、商務(wù)英語翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),,,1. 翻譯過程IV、商務(wù)英語翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),59,,2. 譯者應(yīng)具備的能力,,良好的中英文表達(dá)、轉(zhuǎn)換能力,熟知雙語文化,IT基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢索技術(shù),熟練掌握各類計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件和輔助電子工具,,精通某一行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)(商務(wù)各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)知識(shí)),能承受工作壓力,按照客戶規(guī)定的期限提交譯文,職業(yè)道德,引自元培翻譯公司,,IV、商務(wù)英語翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),,,2. 譯者應(yīng)具備的能力IV、商務(wù)英語翻譯的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),60,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,,,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,61,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,,,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,62,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,,,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,63,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,,,計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯軟件,64,商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站,愛思英語,,(聽說讀寫資料較豐富),上海日?qǐng)?bào)Shanghai Daily,,商業(yè)周刊,,(有助于商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)),商業(yè)周刊中文版,,,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,,(有助于商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)),金融時(shí)報(bào),,(英國最受歡迎的商業(yè)報(bào)紙),金融時(shí)報(bào)中文版:,,,財(cái)富, http://www.24en.c,65,商務(wù)英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站,福布斯,,,企業(yè)家,,(美國最受歡迎的商業(yè)雜志),紅鯡魚,,(美國最受歡迎的商業(yè)雜志),麻省理工開放課件,http://ocw.mit.edu/index.html,(可找到與你專業(yè)相關(guān)的課程,無需注冊(cè),讓你在國內(nèi)可以接受國外的教育),華盛頓大學(xué),http://www.uwtv.org,(可以在線視頻收看各個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)<抑v座,思想很前沿),在線英語廣播大全, http://www.forbes.,66,See you!!,,,,See you!!,67,