語法專題突破(十一)動(dòng)詞不定式課件
單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,優(yōu)秀課件,精彩無限!,*,A Blind Date,“How was your blind date(,初次見面,),?,”,a college student asked her roommate.,“Terrible,!,”,the roommate answered.“He showed up in his 1932 Rolls Royce (,勞斯萊斯,),.,”,“,Wow,!,That's a very expensive car.What's so bad about that,?,”,“,He was the original (,最初的,) owner.”,A Blind Date,語法專題突破(十一)動(dòng)詞不定式課件,語法專題突破(十一)動(dòng)詞不定式課件,(2011·,南昌一中模擬,)It is silly of me ________all eggs in one basket.That was the worst mistake I've ever made.,A,.,to put,,B,.,to have put,C,.,putting D,.,having put,(2011·南昌一中模擬)It is silly of me,解析:,此題易誤選,A,。后句語境提示,,That was the worst mistake,,說明這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,故應(yīng)用不定式完成式表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。句意:把所有的雞蛋都放在了一個(gè)籃子里,我真是太蠢了。這是我所犯過的最糟糕的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。,答案:,,B,解析:此題易誤選A。后句語境提示 That was the,1,.不定式可以作主語,一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。,To do this job well is not easy.,要把這項(xiàng)工作做好并不容易。,2,.不定式作主語時(shí),常用,it,作形式主語,而將作主語的不,定式放在句子后部。,It is exciting to surf the Internet.,上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事。,1.不定式可以作主語,一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。,(2011·,山東重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬,) ________late in the morning,,,Bob turned off the alarm.,A,.,To sleep,,B,.,Sleeping,C,.,Sleep D,.,Having slept,(2011·山東重點(diǎn)中學(xué)模擬) ________late i,解析:,不定式表示目的,所以,A,正確。,sleep late,表示,“,晚起,”,。,答案:,A,解析:不定式表示目的,所以A正確。sleep late 表示,不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。不定式作目的狀語,往往是高考命題的重點(diǎn)。為了加以強(qiáng)調(diào),有時(shí)可把不定式放在句首,或其前加,in order,或,so as,。,In order to arrive before dark,,,we started early.,為了在天黑前到達(dá),我們很早就動(dòng)身了。,(,不定式表示目的,),不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。不定式作目的狀語,往往,I'm pleased to be invited to speak here.,我很高興被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谶@里講話。,(,不定式表示原因,),He is too young to join the army.,他年紀(jì)太小,不能參軍。,(,不定式表示結(jié)果,),I'm pleased to be invited to s,[,注意,],不定式所表示的結(jié)果通常是未曾料到的、不太好的,結(jié)果,而,v,.ing,表示的結(jié)果則強(qiáng)調(diào)自然發(fā)展的結(jié)果。試比較:,I walked all the way from my home to the library,,,only to find it closed.,我從家里一路走到圖書館,不料它已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。,(only to...,表示未曾料到的結(jié)果,),Football is played all over the world,,,making it the most popular sport.,世界各地的人們都踢足球,這使它成了最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。,(making...,強(qiáng)調(diào)自然發(fā)展的結(jié)果,),[注意] 不定式所表示的結(jié)果通常是未曾料到的、不太好的,(2010·,山東高考,)I have a lot of readings ________ before the end of this term.,A,.,completing B,.,to complete,C,.,completed D,.,being completed,(2010·山東高考)I have a lot of rea,解析:,考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。句意:在這學(xué)期結(jié)束之前,我還要完成很多閱讀。根據(jù)題意可知此處表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,故用動(dòng)詞不定式。,答案:,B,解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。句意:在這學(xué)期結(jié)束之前,我還要完成,1,.不定式可用在名詞、代詞、序數(shù)詞、,the only,和形容詞最,高級(jí)等后面作定語。不定式作定語常用來表示將來的動(dòng)作,而,v,.ing,形式作定語表示正在進(jìn)行的或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,過去分詞作定語表示的則是完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。,1.不定式可用在名詞、代詞、序數(shù)詞、the only和形容詞,He had no chance to go to school before liberation.,解放前他沒有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。,Have you got anything to do this evening?,今晚你有事嗎?,He had no chance to go to scho,[,注意,],,不定式作定語時(shí)常與被它修飾的名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若不定式與該句的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則不定式用主動(dòng)形式;若不定式與該句的主語構(gòu)不成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,則不定式用被動(dòng)形式。,[注意] 不定式作定語時(shí)常與被它修飾的名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若,Please give me something nice to eat.(,不用,to be eaten),請(qǐng)給我些好吃的。,—Do you have anything to be typed,,,sir?,先生,你有東西要打印嗎?,—No,,,thanks.,沒有,謝謝。,(,打印的動(dòng)作并不是,you,發(fā)出的,故不定式用被動(dòng)形式,),Please give me something nice,(2),在,there be,結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式;如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成,則用被動(dòng)形式。,There is a lot of work to do.,有許多活要干。,(Someone has to do the work.),There is a lot of work to be done .,有許多活要干。,(The work has to be done.),(2)在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是必須有人去,2,.不定式的一般被動(dòng)式,(to be done),、過去分詞,(done),和現(xiàn),在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式,(being done),作定語的區(qū)別:,不定式的一般被動(dòng)式,(to be done),表被動(dòng)、將來;過去分詞,(done),表被動(dòng)、完成;現(xiàn)在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式,(being done),表被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行。,2.不定式的一般被動(dòng)式(to be done)、過去分詞(d,The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is a very important one.,明天在會(huì)上將要討論的問題非常重要。,(,表被動(dòng)、將來,),Have you read the novel written by Dickens?,你讀過狄更斯的小說嗎?,(,表被動(dòng)、完成,),Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.,聽!現(xiàn)在正唱著的這首歌在學(xué)生中非常流行。,(,表被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行,),The question to be discussed a,(2011·,福州三中質(zhì)檢,)It remains________whether Jim'll be fit enough to play in the finals.,A,.,seen,,B,.,to be seen,C,.,seeing D,.,to see,(2011·福州三中質(zhì)檢)It remains_______,解析:,考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:吉姆是否適合參加決賽還有待于觀察。,remain,后跟不定式表示,“,尚待,……,”,,而此處表被動(dòng)故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。,答案:,B,解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:吉姆是否適合參加決賽還有待于觀察,1,.不定式作賓語,不定式一般作動(dòng)詞的賓語,,“,疑問詞+不定式,”,結(jié)構(gòu)還可作介詞的賓語。常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有,afford,,,agree,,,choose,,,decide,,,demand,,,expect,,,fail,,,hope,,,manage,,,offer,,,plan,,,pretend,,,promise,,,refuse,,,want,,,wish,等。,He has decided to settle down in the countryside.,他決定到鄉(xiāng)村去安家落戶。,We're talking about how to overcome the present difficulties.,我們正在討論如何克服當(dāng)前的困難。,1.不定式作賓語,2,.不定式作表語,不定式作表語表示主語的職業(yè)、職責(zé)或性質(zhì)等,從時(shí)間上說有將來的意義。,My work is to clean the room every day.,我的工作是每天打掃房間。,Our duty is to help the children to grow better.,我們的職責(zé)就是幫助孩子們更好地成長(zhǎng)。,2.不定式作表語,3,.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),一些動(dòng)詞后面跟帶,to,的不定式,一些動(dòng)詞后面跟不帶,to,的不定式。后跟帶,to,的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有,advise,,,allow,,,permit,,,tell,,,persuade,,,expect,,,forbid,,,ask,,,want,,,force,,,wish,等。跟不帶,to,的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞多是感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞等。如:,see,,,hear,,,notice,,,observe,,,listen to,,,smell,,,feel,;,make,,,let,,,have,,,get,,,help,等。,3.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,Who can persuade him to give up that foolish idea?,誰能勸他放棄那種愚蠢的想法?,Someone saw a stranger walk into his room.,有人看見一個(gè)陌生人走進(jìn)了他的房間。,The mother let the children wash their hands before eating meals.,母親讓孩子們吃飯之前去洗手。,Who can persuade him to give u,(2010·,陜西高考,)His first book ________ next month is based on a true story.,A,.,published B,.,to be published,C,.,to publish D,.,being published,(2010·陜西高考)His first book ____,解析:,考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由,next month,可知用動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來,,publish,與,book,之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故可排除,C,項(xiàng)。句意:下個(gè)月要出版的他的第一本書是以真實(shí)的故事為基礎(chǔ)的。,答案:,B,解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。由next month可知用動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。找準(zhǔn)邏輯主語是確定語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。分清不定式動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序是確定時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)變化,具體如下表,(,以,write,為例,),:,動(dòng)詞不定式有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。找準(zhǔn)邏輯主語是確定語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。,,主動(dòng)語態(tài),被動(dòng)語態(tài),一般式,to write,to be written,進(jìn)行式,to be writing,無,完成式,to have written,to have been written,完成進(jìn)行式,to have been writing,無,主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式to writeto be writt,語法專題突破(十一)動(dòng)詞不定式課件,[,高考在線,],1,.,(2010·,遼寧高考,)We were astonished ________ the,temple still in its original condition.,A,.,finding B,.,to find,C,.,find D,.,to be found,[高考在線],解析:,考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:看到寺院仍處于原始的狀態(tài),我們感到非常震驚??崭裉帪閯?dòng)詞不定式作狀語,表示原因,故選,B,項(xiàng)。,答案:,B,解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:看到寺院仍處于原始的狀態(tài),我們感,2,.,(2010·,重慶高考,)Many buildings in the city need repairing,,,but the one ________ first is the library.,A,.,repaired B,.,being repaired,C,.,repairing D,.,to be repaired,2.(2010·重慶高考)Many buildings in,解析:,考查不定式。不定式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系及將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,答案:,D,解析:考查不定式。不定式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系及將要,3,.,(2010·,四川高考,)In many people's opinion,,,that company,,,though relatively small,,,is pleasant ________.,A,.,to deal with B,.,dealing with,C,.,to be dealt with D,.,dealt with,3.(2010·四川高考)In many people's,解析:,考查動(dòng)詞不定式。某些形容詞,(pleasant,,,nice,,,comfortable,,,difficult,,,hard,,,easy,等,),后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。,答案:,A,解析:考查動(dòng)詞不定式。某些形容詞(pleasant,nice,4,.,(2009·,天津高考,)________the project in time,,,the staff were,working at weekends.,A,.,Completing,,B,.,Having completed,C,.,To have completed D,.,To complete,4.(2009·天津高考)________the proje,解析:,句意:為了使項(xiàng)目及時(shí)完工,全體員工周末都在加班。不定式的一般式作目的狀語。故選,D,。,答案:,D,解析:句意:為了使項(xiàng)目及時(shí)完工,全體員工周末都在加班。不定式,5,.,(2009·,全國(guó)卷,Ⅰ)The children all turned________the,famous actress as she entered the classroom.,A,.,looked at B,.,to look at,C,.,to looking at D,.,look at,5.(2009·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The children all,解析:,考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)那個(gè)著名的女演員走進(jìn)教室時(shí),孩子們都轉(zhuǎn)過身看她。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語表示目的。,答案:,B,解析:考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)那個(gè)著名的女演員走進(jìn)教室時(shí),孩,點(diǎn)擊上方“模擬預(yù)測(cè)”進(jìn)入模擬預(yù)測(cè),模擬預(yù)測(cè),,,,點(diǎn)擊上方“模擬預(yù)測(cè)”進(jìn)入模擬預(yù)測(cè)模擬預(yù)測(cè),